The Kurds and the KGB

[AFO]

The Kurds and the KGB

http://www.kurdmedia.com/articles.asp?id=13133
http://www.antiwar.com/orig/qadir.php?articleid=9629


Thursday, August 31, 2006
AntiWar.com
by Dr. Kamal Said Qadir

About the author: Dr. Kamal Said Qadir is a Kurdish human rights activist with Austrian citizenship. He immigrated to Austria in 1978 and studied law at the Vienna School of Law. He has taught at the University of Suleimani (1998-99) and Salahaddin University in Arbil, Kurdistan (1999-2000). He was arrested in October 2005 for writing articles criticizing Iraqi Kurdistan regional president Massoud Barzani and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment for defaming the Kurdish cause. The sentence was widely condemned by Amnesty International, Reporters Without Borders, and others. He was released from custody on Jan. 25, 2006, as a result of efforts by the Austrian foreign ministry.



The secret history of the Barzani dynasty

Mustafa Barzani, the legendary Kurdish leader, was a KGB agent code-named "RAIS," and the Kurdish armed revolution he started Sept. 11, 1961, was in reality a KGB covert action to destabilize Western interests in the Middle East and put additional pressure on the Kassim government of Iraq.

Whoever dares to mention these facts publicly in Kurdistan would face an unknown fate, possibly forced disappearance or even murder by sophisticated means, and the whole story of KGB-Barzani ties would be dismissed as reckless defamation by the ruling Barzani family.

Unfortunately for the Barzani family, these facts are not the creation of some individuals, but the contents of KGB documents that recently became accessible to scholars and the public, or found their way to the West with defected KGB officers after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

This paper relies on two main documentary sources on KGB-Barzani ties. The first is the archive of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which also contains the correspondence between the KGB and the Central Committee. The most important documents mentioned in this article go back to 1961, the peak of the Cold War.

The second source is the so-called Mitrokhin archive, which was smuggled to the West by the defected KGB officer Vasili Mitrokhin after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

In addition to the KGB archive, this paper also relies on the memoirs written by former KGB officers, which refer to Barzani and the Kurdish conflict. These include the memoirs of the former KGB Maj. Gen. Pavel Sudoplatov, who was the head of the SMERSH, a special department within the Soviet security services responsible for special operations broad.

Some scholars have conducted valuable research on KGB history using publicly accessible KGB archives. The most important research paper I was able to find in this regard was delivered by Vladislav M. Zubok, a visiting scholar of the National Security Archive in Washington, D.C., and can be found here.

The aim of the current paper on Barzani-KGB ties is simply the search for the truth in the public interest. The Barzani family has established a brutal and corrupt feudal political system in Iraqi Kurdistan under the pretext that they led the Kurdish revolution. It is time to tell them the truth and remind them that the Kurds are freedom-loving people and will never accept feudal rule. The Barzani family has misused the trust of Kurdish people and become increasingly oligarchic, with the aim of self-enrichment by illegal means and a monopoly on political power. Murder, torture, abductions, and intimidation are among the main methods the family uses to silence its opponents.

My own abduction by the Parastin, the secret service of the Barzani family, on Oct. 26, 2005, in Arbil, Kurdistan, for publishing some articles criticizing the corrupt rule of the Barzanis, and my subsequent release under international pressure, are further evidence that the arbitrary power of the family is decreasing.

The great international support for my case was based on the recognition that the truth should not be silenced.

Therefore, I see it as my duty to continue searching for the truth.

Barzani and the KGB, Old Friends

After the collapse of the Kurdish republic of Mahabad in December 1946, Mustafa Barzani made his way to the Soviet border with several hundred of his men. After arriving in the Soviet Union, he received much attention from the Soviet leadership and security services, who wanted to use the Kurds for their own ends.

The first period of Barzani's political activities in the Soviet Union would have probably remained secret without the memoirs of the KGB's Sudoplatov, who later became the head of the SMERSH. Sudoplatov writes that he had met Barzani for the first time in Baku, shortly after Barzani's arrival in the Soviet Union in 1947, with the aim of using him to destabilize Western interests in the Middle East. Barzani and his men were to receive arms and military training in order to be sent back to Iraq for this purpose, according to Sudoplatov.

Barzani must have been of extraordinary importance to the Soviets to be cultivated by Sudoplatov, one of the most important figures within the security services. Sudoplatov mentions in his memoirs that he was responsible for the assassination of Trotsky on Stalin's order, and for the atomic espionage that led to the building of the Soviet atom bomb.

That Sudoplatov led negotiations with Barzani is evidence of the great expectations the Soviet leadership had for Barzani. But Sudoplatov was apparently not the only Soviet officer to deal with Barzani, as Sudoplatov mentions other officers who succeeded him in dealing with Barzani. Sudoplatov met Barzani for the second time in 1952 to negotiate with him on military training, but doesn't mention any agreement reached between them. He met Barzani again in 1953 at a military academy in Moscow, where both of them underwent military training. Barzani was apparently being prepared for a special task abroad.

Sudoplatov reveals in his memoirs that Barzani told him then that the ties between his family and Russia were a hundred years old and that his family had appealed to Russia for help before and received arms and ammunition from Russia 60 times. There are indeed other confidential reports on a visit to Russia made by Sheikh Abdul Salam, the sheikh of Barzan, before the First World War, though I know of no other Barzani-Russian ties before WWI.

The nature of relations between Mustafa Barzani and the Soviets during the period of 1947-1958 has remained until now largely secret, with the exception of the Sudoplatov memoirs. The Mitrokhin archive and the publicly accessible KGB archive make no mention of this period, but do deliver essential information on Barzani-KGB ties after 1958.

From the Mitrokhin archive we learn that the KGB gave Barzani the code name "RAIS," and both the Mitrokhin and the KGB archives of the Central Committee of the CPSU reveal the big secret behind the Kurdish revolution of September 1961 led by Barzani. According to these archives, this was not a real revolution but a covert action by the KGB to destabilize Western interests in the Middle East.

Aleksandr Shelepin, KGB chief in the 1960s, in 1961 sent a memorandum to Nikita Khrushchev containing plans "to cause uncertainty in government circles of the USA, England, Turkey, and Iran about the stability of their positions in the Middle and Near East." He offered to use old KGB connections with the chairman of the Democratic Party of Kurdistan, Mustafa Barzani, "to activate the movement of the Kurdish population of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey for creation of an independent Kurdistan that would include the provinces of the aforementioned countries." Barzani was to be provided with the necessary aid in arms and money. "Given propitious developments," noted Shelepin with foresight, "it would become advisable to express the solidarity of the Soviet people with this movement of the Kurds."

"The movement for the creation of Kurdistan," he predicted, "will evoke serious concern among Western powers and first of all in England regarding [their access to] oil in Iraq and Iran, and in the United States regarding its military bases in Turkey. All that will create also difficulties for [Iraqi Prime Minister Gen. Abdul Karim] KASSIM who has begun to conduct a pro-Western policy, especially in recent time." Shelepin also proposed an initiative to entice Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, a Third World leader avidly courted by both East and West, into throwing his support behind the Kurds. Shelepin suggested informing Nasser "through unofficial channels" that, in the event of a Kurdish victory, Moscow "might take a benign look at the integration of the non-Kurdish part of Iraqi territory with the UAR" – the United Arab Republic, a short-lived union of Egypt and Syria reflecting Nasser's pan-Arab nationalism – "on the condition of NASSER's support for the creation of an independent Kurdistan." (Shelepin to Khrushchev, July 29, 1961, in St.-191/75gc, Aug. 1, 1961, TsKhSD, fond 4, opis 13, delo 81, ll. 131-32 [see Zubok, 21])

When a Kurdish rebellion indeed broke out in Iraqi Kurdistan in September 1961, the KGB quickly responded with additional proposals to exploit the situation. KGB Deputy Chairman Peter Ivashutin proposed – "In accord with the decision of the CC CPSU … of 1 August 1961 on the implementation of measures favoring the distraction of the attention and forces of the USA and her allies from West Berlin, and in view of the armed uprisings of the Kurdish tribes that have begun in the North of Iraq" – to:

1. use the KGB to organize pro-Kurdish and anti-Kassim protests in India, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Guinea, and other countries;

2. have the KGB meet with Barzani to urge him to "seize the leadership of the Kurdish movement in his hands and to lead it along the democratic road," and to advise him to "keep a low profile in the course of this activity so that the West did not have a pretext to blame the USSR in meddling into the internal affairs of Iraq"; and

3. assign the KGB to recruit and train a "special armed detachment (500-700 men)" drawn from Kurds living in the USSR in the event that Moscow might need to send Barzani "various military experts (Artillerymen, radio operators, demolition squads, etc.)" to support the Kurdish uprising. ( P. Ivashutin to CC CPSU, Sept. 27, 1961, St.-199/10c, Oct. 3, 1961, TsKhSD, fond 4, opis 13, delo 85, ll. 1-4 [see Zubok, 21])

What Ivashutin did not know was that the West already had information on Barzani's special ties with the Soviet Union. U.S. officials had noted with concern the possibility "that Barzani might be useful to Moscow." In an October 1958 cable to the State Department, three months after a military coup brought Kassim to power, the U.S. ambassador to Iraq, Waldemar J. Gallman, stated that "Communists also have potential for attack [on Iraqi Prime Minister Kassim] on another point through returned Kurdish leader Mulla Mustafa Barzani. He spent last eleven years in exile in Soviet Union. His appeal to majority of Iraqi Kurds is strong and his ability [to] disrupt stability almost endless. Thus we believe that today greatest potential threat to stability and even existence of Qassim's [Kassim's] regime lies in hands of Communists." (Gallman to Department of State, Oct. 14, 1958, in U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960, Vol. XII, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993, pp. 344-46 [see Zubok, 21])

Thus did the Kurdish conflict become an instrument in the hands of Moscow to exercise pressure on successive Iraqi regimes. According to the Mitrokhin archive, the KGB sent Yevgeny Primakov, code-named "MAKS," to Iraq in the 1960s under the cover of a journalist. Primakov was to later play a leading role in Kurdish affairs, especially in the conclusion of the autonomy agreement between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Iraqi regime in March 1970. The Ba'athists had to accept the Soviet conditions in return for the mediation, since the Iraqi army was completely exhausted from fighting with the Kurds. The Iraqi regime had to ease pressure on the Iraqi Communist Party and establish close ties with the Soviet Union.

After the March agreement, the Iraqi regime gained strength with Soviet support and began to obstruct the implementation of the March agreement. And the Soviet Union, having successfully used the Kurdish card to influence Iraqi foreign policy, turned its back on the Kurds. Barzani in turn moved closer to the CIA, Mossad, and Savak. The Iraqi-Soviet honeymoon lasted until the collapse of the Kurdish uprising after it was betrayed by its Western allies and Iran in 1975. After this date, the Iraqi regime resumed its oppressive policies toward the Iraqi Communist Party and began to draw closer to the West. The Soviet Union resumed its use of the Kurdish card.

Since that time, history has repeated itself several times, and the Barzani family has often changed allegiances among the KGB, the CIA, and the Mossad. The drama continues.

[AFO]

http://www.thenewanatolian.com/opinion-6323.html
http://www.thenewanatolian.com/opinion-6323.html


Wake up & learn the real story behind the development of Kurdistan.

[Diri]

Why did you post this here?

Make your own thread and post it there... I am moving this...

[Amanc]

Barzani-KGB relationship: evaluating events

Monday, September 11, 2006

KurdishMedia.com - By Pir Aso Yarsani


A Hermeneutic/Interpretative Approach: Towards teaching Mr. Kamal Said Qader in order to get knowing how to evaluate past, present and future historical whether important or trivial, and, true or false facts/events.

In his article entitled “The secret history of the Barzani dynasty” published on the website of “AntiWar.com” on 31 August 2006, claimed Mr. Said Kamal Qader that: “Mustafa Barzani, the legendary Kurdish leader, was a KGB agent code-named "RAIS," and the Kurdish armed revolution he started Sept. 11, 1961, was in reality a KGB covert action to destabilize Western interests in the Middle East and put additional pressure on the Kassim government of Iraq…” However, whether these allegations are true or false and moreover if the source whatever of its credibility has or not a hidden agenda in providing the information is out of this paper’s scope. Because besides all those inhuman atrocities committed by those KGB comrades, we as Kurds and the rest of the world came to know why the former bloody KGB-machinery was a total failure and how that criminal apparatus finally managed to bury alive the whole communism very successfully.

Instead, I try to remind Mr. Kamal and his comrades that we now live in a totally different time and place that require a different mindset and intelligentsia to encounter much more better the deliberate and emergent realities, whatever now they might be. We now live in a post-modernism era that rejects the classical dominated positivistic approach/view towards evaluating, in this case, historical facts and events. This new post-modern approach is Hermeneutic or interpretative. It prefers an interpretative approach which is the only and relatively the fairest methodology that can be conducted to assess such an old file that you have “discovered”. One main characteristic for this new approach is that it is context bound. Because evaluation is always purposeful and depends on the people involved, the particular problem and context, the result cannot be generalized. And maybe you believed and wished your article is going to be bombastic news worldwide and once again put your name at least on the Kurdish map.

But as you know now, it didn’t and nobody cared or wanted to hear about those biased allegations. When I read your article I thought immediately all Arabs, Turks and Persian media will be delighted and willing to broadcast your allegations live via all communication medium, because they are looking for such stuff to disgrace the Kurdish souls and struggles. But to my surprise, so far, they used their brain and didn’t buy your “discovery”.

I just remind you Kurds as the world’s biggest stateless nation, on this planet, have through the history and, especially during their political struggles, learned various precious but dire lessons. They have paid thousands of thousands of their invaluable sweet lives and still are, unfortunately, forced to pay more and more in order to be accepted even inside their own occupied lands. That is a good topic to write about, isn’t it?

However, let focus on your article and analyze it by drawing some parallel arguments that may matter and concern you too. When you was arrested the Kurdish authority did a big mistake by not openly debating with you on Kurdish media in order to know if you were like an old Kurdish “Mirza=somebody that could write and read simple texts or poems without any ability to know their interrelationships and meanings, that’s it!” or a person in today’s intellectual caliber and standard that is able to link things together and thereafter put them in their right contextual environments. Without any doubt I believe that after such e.g. TV debate, people could very easily see what you went for and thus brand you as a Mirza and not belonging to the intellectual elite that I know most of them know their jobs very well and, particularly, the prime objectives of their “Being-In-The-World”. Therefore I argue if you could think about following questions/recommendations then you would never end up with your allegations that are not worth a penny or most of all even healthy for ordinary Kurdish people that now, as said above, after many years of oppression and sacrifices need only political stability and mostly financial supports to rebuild their beloved Kurdistan from the ruins left by, in case of southern Kurdistan, Saddam Hussein and his thugs. Some of my questions/suggestions are as follows:

1) Communists, especially the communist party of former USSR, have had a ca seventy years of opportunity to show, firstly, themselves, secondly, their people and, thirdly, the rest of the world that their Ideology could work or govern a society. But, as you know, failure after failure and finally we the people witnessed not lesser than a decisive and shamefully collapse of the whole system which was the result of 70 years of lies, brutality, injustice, inequality and you name it. So the question is why you believe in former bloody KGB agents and their propaganda machinery? Particularly, why on the earth agents like e.g. one KGB man in your reference list must seek political asylum in for example the USA and thereafter convince e.g. an “academic” like you to believe in him as your reference? The KGB people have had opened files for almost everybody on this planet and they do even today. Why should we care about what they imagined and wanted us to know and believe, before and now? In case if we say that the Kurdish people had a agent that had code name “RAIS” and now we have only one intellectual person with name “Dr. Kamal Said Qader” who wants the whole Kurdish people and the world alike to know what was went on, so what?

And Mr. kamal Said Qader doesn’t ask and apparently can’t think, why despite at least 10 million KGB agents and ca 20 million academics and intellectuals from the former Soviet Union alone there are only ca 5o people of all those intellectuals who interested in investigating the crimes committed by former KGB people? And to your surprise Mr. Kamal all of them are focusing on what happened with the Tsar family and not about at least 1 million non-Russian communists like many from Kurdistan, Iran, Greek land and other places that were sent to notorious concentration camps in Siberia who were accused for belonging to “Imperialism”.

Why those intellectuals are silent is another topic which I believe depends on the pragmatism approach towards all aspects of live which is the essence of western cultures or better to said policies. It doesn’t mean that they are not intellectuals or you’re more intellectual than all of them. It shows they think and now instead of going back and wasting their precious time on useless KGB files instead concentrate and focus on how to help their people during these transition period from a barbaric communistic system into a free world that sees you and judges you as an individual not as a collection of your relatives, colleagues, friends and neighbors. The intellectuals over there are reconstructing and rebuilding their societies and you on the contrary fighting against and try to disgrace the Kurdish Icon who is in minds and hearts of all Kurds and even his enemies have showed respect to him. I recommend you to read the book written by a “general major” of Shah of Iran who was the direct contact person to the Kurdish leadership then. He wrote: “Mr. Mustafa Barzani was a great leader and told Shah that the Kurdish guerillas and its leadership, don’t want live in central of Iran, especially in Tehran; they want be closest to the Kurdistan border as possible.” And the author continues to say: “Barzani was very bright, pure, and honest and knew very well that the world had turned his back on the Kurdish movement and it was therefore he never wanted to go outside Kurdish territory and would prefer dying inside Kurdistan…”

2) If they, the KGB people, sat down and planned that the Kurdish Icon, the legendary, charismatic and one of Kurdistan’s ever greatest leader, Mustafa Barzani, could destabilize the whole region then I personally and many more people with me could say this: “The KGB hadn’t any brain to think rationally and wisely because a small partisan group under command of the legendary Barzani could impossibly do the desired task for KGB. Or better said, mission impossible.” That should be obvious for you too Mr. Kamal Said!

3) In diplomacy you contact even your enemy and it’s an art to handle a variety of tangible and intangible situations. All other nations have done and do this, why we shouldn’t? And don’t forget if he had a smart people, back at home, and, especially, the majority of them did know what freedom was about and thus fulfilled even 50% of their national duties then Barzani could play with KGB too and we were free for decades now, if we were important as you claimed. But unfortunately in the worst scenario people more or less are servicing enemy and a leader as such can’t do much. So I recommend you to write about the people’s bloody irresponsibility and inability to not knowing and valuing what terms like freedom, justice, independence, home and economical prosperity are all about? According to interpretative approach, a leader must be analyzed and judged in her/his people’s context, not outside as a separate entity or arte-fact. Historically it is the only reason why a leader tries to come in contact with even Saddam who was and still is one of Kurdish nation’s enemy number ones. Look at the Americans, they negotiate and fight at the same time. And certainly they have made file for everybody they know is important and possess some power. And no even a single voice comes out from an American’s intellectual to mention if he or she had contact with American or foreign authorities. They put everything in a broader context. And it is surviving as a nation and one of the world’s biggest powerful country and democracy on this planet that matter and concern all of them. Don’t be deceived by act of a great scholar and dissident like Noam Chomsky who instead of being more precise and constructive talks in broadest terms as possible. He could for example talk to his colleagues who are linguistics about one little and at the same time vital project about; how it is feel and what are the consequences of not being allowed to speak mother tongue and use it as education means in a so called “democratic” country like “Ata Turks’ Turkey” that is a great and important American alien? It is not difficult than this formulation. And he could for example set at least two PhD students to do job. But he is great and amazingly became more active during Saddam’s capture from his dirty hole. Protesting by means of empty words doesn’t say anything and what is good for? Have you studied what is the reaction of American intellectual elite in such case when now Kurds are the most American-friendly nation on this planet? Can we now be free from Turkish, Arabic and Persian’s state sponsored terrorism? No, I doubt. Because American wants Kurds to be under command of e.g. Turks as long Turkey as a sovereign country does what Americans ask for. That is a bitter reality on the ground Mr. Kamal Said. Then if your counterpart make a file on your activities and illustrate you as a different character and personality it’s only worthless and baseless facts and you impossibly can prevent such things.

4) What is important and valuable is the final outcome of the late Barzani diplomatic efforts, moves and activities not the biases that you have spread out and even today believe in bloody KGB people. It’s really amazing Mr. Said! If those people that you referred to as reliable source (read KGB) had any brain at all then why they couldn’t even manage a bunch of illiterate Mojahedin from Afghanistan? The same dirty Mojahedin never was mentioned in classic works of communists and this group broken the neck of the communism system, believe it or not! As this article is about my opinion is subjective too as it’s yours. That’s the power of interpretative/post-modernism approach towards evaluation of social, economical, political and natural sciences globally. And it is various and distinctive contexts which in their turn together build distinctive called “ontology” that should matter. Context changes because we are under constant changing.

5) Did they (communists) believe, e.g. a small “flag party” alone under the leadership of the late Najibulah could do the task of destabilizing the whole region instead of the legendary Barzani? Or no it was only you how hallucinate and will misrepresent true academics who actually in contrast to you Mr. ‘Kamal Said’ possess relatively the greatest brain and try to think fairly, reasonably with sense of responsibility. What you have done is attaching a Kurdish Icon who undoubtedly was one of those Kurdish leaders who contributed to rebirth our oppressed nation. Oh, I forget to ask you, how many other leaders then the late Mustafa Barzani did we have had that I have forgotten to mention here?

6) Why you don’t delve into the same archive that you have “access” to in order to find out the truth about many Kurds that were put in concentration camp after the order from comrade Lenin and, especially, Stalin who became the butcher of that region? This would be much more appreciated and undoubtedly and immensely valuable for the cause of your oppressed Kurdish people, not such biases about the legendary Barzani and his family. Now, we the Kurds got a great mind and need only bricks to rebuild our beloved Kurdistan. We don’t take order from any enemy anymore and will not waste our precious time on KGB files. Because as I said we don’t fight each other as our enemies wish.

Our nation is reborn and has decided to make Kurdistan free of invaders and oppressors and I recommend you instead of deliberately putting yourself on opposition side go on position and it is only there you can change and contribute to make a better Kurdistan to live in for all of us. There are other people who can do your job much better, but remember they’re not Kurds and you are. Imagine if barbarian Turks had 100 people like you then I promise they could never ever occupy northern Kurdistan and call it “Turkey” as they do now.

7) If I ask you where your financial supports come from then what do you say? I personally admit as a political refugee and despite many academic degrees have very difficulty to find a proper job and you may imagine that even in these democratic counties, in Europe, there is no voice from any so called intellectual that plea our cause. Instead, they themselves receive domestic and various funds from EU for their so called “intellectual integration projects” and believing to do “good things” despite their incompetence about we “the migrants and refuges” needs and cultural backgrounds. Evan if there are obviously many bloody terrorists or fundamentalist among migrants and refugees’ communities they “the intellectual elite” do not want to believe in allegations if the cases are being reported by a bunch of jobless former bloody KGB people pr other intelligent agencies. But you sadly did believe in former KGB people and are maybe very proud for your claimed “DISCOVEY”. And you know very well that most of us, sometimes, have received social supports from the host country, or still some do, that we have sought asylum in and now many of us have become citizens. But whatever files my host country, which I know it do, may make on you or me, we know who we’re and why we’re here and do or will to do. So, the important thing is to develop e.g. me personally whatever they might think about me now or in the future. This is exactly like diplomacy. You encounter realities on the ground and do what is in your power and the rest is history. As I said previously the rest is only bias nothing more.

In conclusion, don’t forget interpretative approach is the best, changes all the time, depends on who the interpreter/evaluator is and it is at the most a matter of a qualitative/deductive or an interpretative/hermeneutic appraisal meaning a subjective evaluation/interpretation and the result in any cases can’t be generalized. In other words, all Mr. Kamal Said Qader says is only his own view and will be changed according to Hermeneutic approach. And other people who read his article will put it in many various and distinctive contexts depending on the person’s own preferences and interpretation of the text. Then as an example one reader decides to believe something else by preferring a different interpretation of the text then someone else. So you, as the author of the text, never reach your intended and target goal. Because everything is context based and context changes all the time when the environment is changed. As my last point and recommendation according to post-modernism; there is no single reality and thus there is no reliable universal and permanent knowledge like one that you Mr. Said claimed to have received from above (read KGB people).

Long live Kurdistan and may peace be upon you too Mr. Kamal Said Qader.

[Diri]

I see a lot of people use Mr. Said Kamal Qader's detention as a need for some sort of "change"... But we have a picture of him in "jail" - and he had his own computer and many other things... Didn't look so "jailish" at all...

I know a Barzanî who has proven all of the info in this article to be wrong...


So I won't rely on it either...

[Amanc]

Diri have you red what I postet?

[Diri]

Diri have you red what I postet?

Bibore bira!

I was unclear - I should have said: in HIS article...

His article has been used to demand some sort of "change"... But reality is nothing like what Mr. Qader has described...

In other words - I was actually thinking about the first post in this thread - the article written by Mr. Qader himself...